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Effect of particle size on coal char----NO reaction

Xiumin JIANG, Xiangyong HUANG, Jiaxun LIU, Chaoqun ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 221-228 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0146-x

摘要： Surface nitrogen complex formation upon reaction of coal char with NO at 600°C was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Particle size had a noticeable effect on the magnitude of changes, which was observed on the surface of the coal char in the nitrogen functional group. The surface increased its -NO, pyridine-N-oxide, and -NO functional group contents with a decrease in particle size. The chemisorption processes of NO molecules on the char were simulated using the ab initio Hartree–Fock method and density functional theory. Molecular modeling was applied to determine the thermodynamics of the reactions. Mechanisms were proposed to explain the formation of the -NO, pyridine-N-oxide, and -NO functional groups at 600°C.

关键词： NO reduction     chemisorption     particle size     X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy     density functional theory (DFT)    

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Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1557-0

摘要：

● A series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation.

关键词： N     N-Dimethylformamide     Selective catalytic oxidation     Cu-ZSM-5     CuO particle size    

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Effect of size on biaxial flexural strength for cement-based materials by using a triangular plate method

Hakan T TURKER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1017-1028 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0871-8

摘要： The effect of size on the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of Portland cement mortar was investigated by using the recently proposed triangular plate method (TPM). An experimental program was conceived to study the size effect by keeping a constant water-cement ratio of 0.485, cement-sand ratio of 1:2.75, and using unreinforced triangular mortar plates of five different thicknesses and seven different side lengths. The BFS of the produced specimens was tested, and variations of BFS depending on specimen thickness and side length were determined. The results indicated that increases in triangular plate specimen side length and specimen thickness led to a decrease in the BFS of Portland cement mortar. The effect of specimen length increase on BFS was more significant than on the effect of the specimen thickness. The variations in specimens’ thickness indicated a deterministic Type I size effect, while the variations in specimens’ length showed an energetic-statistical Type I size effect.

关键词： testing     apparatus & methods     plain concrete     tensile properties     biaxial flexural strength     triangular plate method    

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Effect of noble metal nanoparticle size on C–N bond cleavage performance in hydrodenitrogenation: a study

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1986-2000 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2337-5

摘要： Breakage of the C–N bond is a structure sensitive process, and the catalyst size significantly affects its activity. On the active metal nanoparticle scale, the role of catalyst size in C–N bond cleavage has not been clearly elucidated. So, Ru catalysts with variable nanoparticle sizes were obtained by modulating the reduction temperature, and the catalytic activity was evaluated using 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and o-propylaniline with different C–N bond hybridization patterns as reactants. Results showed a 13 times higher reaction rate for sp3-hybridized C–N bond cleavage than sp2-hybridized C–N bond cleavage, while the reaction rate tended to increase first and then decrease as the catalyst nanoparticle size increased. Different concentrations of terrace, step, and corner sites were found in different sizes of Ru nanoparticles. The relationship between catalytic site variation and C–N bond cleavage activity was further investigated by calculating the turnover frequency values for each site. This analysis indicates that the variation of different sites on the catalyst is the intrinsic factor of the size dependence of C–N bond cleavage activity, and the step atoms are the active sites for the C–N bond cleavage. When Ru nanoparticles are smaller than 1.9 nm, they have a strong adsorption effect on the reactants, which will affect the catalytic performance of the Ru catalyst. Furthermore, these findings were also confirmed on other metallic Pd/Pt catalysts. The role of step sites in C–N bond cleavage was proposed using the density function theory calculations. The reactants have stronger adsorption energies on the step atoms, and step atoms have d-band center nearer to the Fermi level. In this case, the interaction with the reactant is stronger, which is beneficial for activating the C–N bond of the reactant.

关键词： sp3/sp2-hybridized C–N bond     noble metal nanoparticle     catalytic active site     turnover frequency     DFT    

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非线性弹性薄膜表面效应的尺寸相关性研究

黄殿武,连媛,李凯

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第4期   页码 54-59

摘要：

在Mindlin假设的前提下，考虑了几何非线性条件及表面效应的影响，建立了纳米尺度下尺寸相关的板状各向同性弹性薄膜模型；从哈密尔顿变分原理出发，导出了薄膜的控制方程，用公式明确阐述了由表面张力引起的符合经典板理论且与薄膜变形相关的残余膜力和弯矩；通过微小尺寸薄膜弯曲的算例，说明了表面效应与薄膜厚度的相关性，当薄膜厚度等于或者小于其内禀尺度时，表面效应对薄膜厚度表现出很强的敏感性。

关键词： 弹性薄膜     几何非线性     表面效应     内禀尺度     尺度相关    

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Effect of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite crystal size on diffusion and catalytic performance of n-heptane

Shuman Xu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Dangguo Cheng, Fengqiu Chen, Xiaohong Ren

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 780-789 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1733-8

摘要： Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite aggregates with different sizes of nanocrystals were synthesized using different amounts of the mesoporogen 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The effect of the crystal size on the catalytic cracking of -heptane was investigated and the Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor were used to determine the reaction rate-limiting step. The crystal size affected the textual properties of the catalysts but not the acidic properties of the catalysts. The reaction rate was first order with respect to the -heptane concentration. Cracking over hierarchical zeolites with nanocrystal sizes larger than about 50 nm took place under transition-limiting conditions, whereas the reaction over hierarchical zeolites with nanocrystal sizes of 15 or 30 nm proceeded under reaction control conditions. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite aggregates with smaller nanocrystals had better selectivity for light olefins which can be ascribed to the shorter diffusion path lengths and lower diffusion resistance in these catalysts. Furthermore, these catalysts had lower coking levels which can be attributed to the substantial number of mesopores which prevent the formation of coke precursors.

关键词： hierarchical ZSM-5     crystal size     catalytic cracking     Thiele modulus     effectiveness factor    

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费托合成催化剂的尺寸与晶相效应

Liu Jin-Xun,Wang Peng,Xu Wayne,Hensen Emiel J. M.

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第4期   页码 467-476 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.012

摘要：

费托合成（FTS）是近年来越发重要的能源转化途径，它可将一氧化碳和氢气的合成气转化为液态燃料和化学品，合成气的原料来自煤炭、天然气或生物质。在费托合成反应中，分散的过渡金属纳米粒子作为催化剂，用于催化以碳- 碳键生成为基础的反应。催化剂的催化活性和选择性与纳米粒子的电子结构和几何结构密切相关，具体取决于纳米粒子的尺寸、形态和晶相。在本文中，我们将回顾近期关于费托合成反应催化剂的体相和表面敏感性方面的工作。通过深入理解以上参数对不同催化剂行为的影响，有助于指导设计开发出更高活性、稳定性以及更优选择性的催化剂。

关键词： 费托合成     Fe、Co、Ru 碳化物     尺寸效应     晶相结构    

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The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1356-4

摘要：

•Bacterial concentrations from eight stages were 104–105copies/m3.

关键词： Size distribution     Airborne bacteria     Biological diversity     Human pathogenic bacteria     Composting plants    

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Vibration analysis of nano-structure multilayered graphene sheets using modified strain gradient theory

Amir ALLAHBAKHSHI,Masih ALLAHBAKHSHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第2期   页码 187-197 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0339-9

摘要：

In this paper, for the first time, the modified strain gradient theory is used as a new size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model to study the effect of interlayer van der Waals (vdW) force for the vibration analysis of multilayered graphene sheets (MLGSs). The model contains three material length scale parameters, which may effectively capture the size effect. The model can also degenerate into the modified couple stress plate model or the classical plate model, if two or all of the material length scale parameters are taken to be zero. After obtaining the governing equations based on modified strain gradient theory via principle of minimum potential energy, as only infinitesimal vibration is considered, the net pressure due to the vdW interaction is assumed to be linearly proportional to the deflection between two layers. To solve the governing equation subjected to the boundary conditions, the Fourier series is assumed for w=w(x, y). To show the accuracy of the formulations, present results in specific cases are compared with available results in literature and a good agreement can be seen. The results indicate that the present model can predict prominent natural frequency with the reduction of structural size, especially when the plate thickness is on the same order of the material length scale parameter.

关键词： graphene     van der Waals (vdW) force     modi- fied strain gradient elasticity theory     size effect parameter    

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表面张力作用下柱形胶体的弹性失稳

黄殿武,乔玲,汪时机

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第4期   页码 50-54

摘要：

采用弹性理论研究了圆柱形胶体在表面张力作用下的弹性失稳问题；利用能量泛函变分的方法导出 了发生弹性失稳的非经典边界条件，得到了失稳的判据方程。分析判据方程发现，弹性失稳与圆柱体的半径、 内禀尺度和失稳波长相关。

关键词： 柱形胶体     弹性失稳     内禀尺度     表面效应    

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Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

S. Kida, M. Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 60-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1313-x

摘要： Au nanoparticles are expected for the media to transfer genes into plants. However, the control of particle size distribution (PSD) and shape of Au nanoparticles is too difficult to design and prepare particles with suitable quality for the gene supporting media. Reduction crystallization experiments were performed in aqueous solution in order to clarify the effect of feeding conditions such as feeding profile, feeding rate, and feeding amount on PSD and shape of Au nanoparticles. Ascorbic acid (AsA) was selected as a reducing agent because it is safe for plants. Au particles of 50 nm, 50–200 nm, and 150–400 nm were obtained in batch operation, single-jet, and double-jet, respectively. Moreover, in single-jet and double-jet, the mean size of the obtained Au particles increases with the decrease of feeding rate or the increase of feeding amount. It is concluded that PSD of Au nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 50–400 nm by changing feeding conditions of AsA and HAuCl aqueous solution.

关键词： reduction crystallization     particle size distribution     gene transferring media    

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A better way to do small-for-size liver transplantation in rats

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0113-2

摘要：

Establishing a model for small-for-size liver transplantation is the basis for this study of partial and living donor graft liver transplantation. This study aims to explore a simpler and more effective way of establishing a 30% small-for-size liver transplantation in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as the donors and recipients. Small-for-size orthotopic liver transplantation was performed using Kamada’s two-cuff method. The donor’s liver was flushed via the abdominal aorta and hepatectomy was performed in situ. The animals were divided into three groups depending on the graft selected, with 40 pairs of rats in each group. In group I, the median lobe of the liver was used as graft; in group II, the right half of the median lobe and the right lobe were used as graft; and in group III, the median and right lobes were used as graft. In groups I and II, the bodyweights of donors were the same as those of recipients; however, in group III the bodyweights of donors were 100–120 g less than those of the recipients. The duration needed for transplantation, the 7-day survival rates, and the technical complication rates were compared among these three groups. The time required for hepatectomy was shorter in group III compared with groups I and II (8.8?±?0.7 min vs. 11.5?±?1.1 min and 10.1?±?1.0 min, P = 0.001). The cold ischemia time for the grafts, the anhepatic times, and the transplantation times for the recipients were not significantly different among the three groups. Compared with groups I and II, the incidence of bleeding, bile leakage, and inferior vena caval strictures were significantly decreased in group III (P<0.05). No significant differences between the three groups were found based on other complications after the operation (P>0.05). Group III had better 7-day survival rates and longer median survival times but the differences were not statistically significant. The method of small for donor bodyweight using the median and right lobes for grafting may be a more effective and simpler way of establishing a 30% small-for-size liver transplantation in rats, as shown by the shorter hepatectomy time and the occurrence of fewer complications after the operation.

关键词： liver transplantation     small-for-size     rats    

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Influence of surface cracking, anchor head profile, and anchor head size on cast-in headed anchors in

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1163-1187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0987-5

摘要： In this study, the concrete cone capacity, concrete cone angle, and load–displacement response of cast-in headed anchors in geopolymer concrete are explored using numerical analyses. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS is used to simulate the behavior of concrete substrates. The tensile behavior of anchors in geopolymer concrete is compared with that in normal concrete as well as that predicted by the linear fracture mechanics (LFM) and concrete capacity design (CCD) models. The results show that the capacity of the anchors in geopolymer concrete is 30%–40% lower than that in normal concrete. The results also indicate that the CCD model overestimates the capacity of the anchors in geopolymer concrete, whereas the LFM model provides a much more conservative prediction. The extent of the difference between the predictions by the numerical analysis and those of the above prediction models depends on the effective embedment depth of the anchor and the anchor head size. The influence of concrete surface cracking on the capacity of the anchor is shown to depend on the location of the crack and the effective embedment depth. The influence of the anchor head profile on the tensile capacity of the anchors is found to be insignificant.

关键词： cast-in anchor     concrete cone capacity     geopolymer concrete     head size     surface crack     anchor profile    

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Effect of sodium ions in synthesis of titanium silicalite-1 on its catalytic performance for cyclohexanone

Pengxu YAO,Yaquan WANG,Teng ZHANG,Shuhai WANG,Xiaoxue WU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 149-155 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1409-y

摘要： Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) has been hydrothermally synthesized with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as the template in the presence of various amounts of Na , characterized by inductively coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultro-violet-visible spectroscopy and studied in cyclohexanone ammoximation. The characterization results show that with the increase of Na concentration in the synthesis, both the crystal sizes of TS-1and extra framework Ti increase but framework Ti decreases. The addition of Na below 3 mol-% of TPAOH in the synthesis does not influence the catalytic properties with above 98% conversion of cyclohexanone and 99.5% selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime. However, at the concentrations of Na ≥3 mol-% of TPAOH in the synthesis, the catalysts are deactivated faster with the increase of Na addition, which can be attributed to more high molecular weight byproducts deposited in the large TS-1 particles and the loss of the frame-work titanium. The results of this work are of great importance for the industry.

关键词： extra framework Ti     cyclohexanone ammoximation     titanium silicalite-1     sodium ion     crystal size    

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Determination of mechanical parameters for elements in meso-mechanical models of concrete

Xianglin GU, Junyu JIA, Zhuolin WANG, Li HONG, Feng LIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 391-401 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0225-7

摘要： The responses of cement mortar specimens of different dimensions under compression and tension were calculated based on the discrete element method with the modified-rigid-body-spring concrete model, in which the mechanical parameters derived from macro-scale material tests were applied directly to the mortar elements. By comparing the calculated results with those predicted by the Carpinteri and Weibull size effects laws, a series of formulas to convert the macro-scale mechanical parameters of mortar and interface to those at the meso-scale were proposed through a fitting analysis. Based on the proposed formulas, numerical simulation of axial compressive and tensile failure processes of concrete and cement mortar materials, respectively were conducted. The calculated results were a good match with the test results.

关键词： concrete     meso-mechanical model     discrete element method     size effect     mechanical parameter    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effect of particle size on coal char----NO reaction

Xiumin JIANG, Xiangyong HUANG, Jiaxun LIU, Chaoqun ZHANG

期刊论文

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

期刊论文

Effect of size on biaxial flexural strength for cement-based materials by using a triangular plate method

Hakan T TURKER

期刊论文

Effect of noble metal nanoparticle size on C–N bond cleavage performance in hydrodenitrogenation: a study

期刊论文

非线性弹性薄膜表面效应的尺寸相关性研究

黄殿武,连媛,李凯

期刊论文

Effect of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite crystal size on diffusion and catalytic performance of n-heptane

Shuman Xu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Dangguo Cheng, Fengqiu Chen, Xiaohong Ren

期刊论文

费托合成催化剂的尺寸与晶相效应

Liu Jin-Xun,Wang Peng,Xu Wayne,Hensen Emiel J. M.

期刊论文

The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

期刊论文

Vibration analysis of nano-structure multilayered graphene sheets using modified strain gradient theory

Amir ALLAHBAKHSHI,Masih ALLAHBAKHSHI

期刊论文

表面张力作用下柱形胶体的弹性失稳

黄殿武,乔玲,汪时机

期刊论文

Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

S. Kida, M. Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

期刊论文

A better way to do small-for-size liver transplantation in rats

null

期刊论文

Influence of surface cracking, anchor head profile, and anchor head size on cast-in headed anchors in

期刊论文

Effect of sodium ions in synthesis of titanium silicalite-1 on its catalytic performance for cyclohexanone

Pengxu YAO,Yaquan WANG,Teng ZHANG,Shuhai WANG,Xiaoxue WU

期刊论文

Determination of mechanical parameters for elements in meso-mechanical models of concrete

Xianglin GU, Junyu JIA, Zhuolin WANG, Li HONG, Feng LIN

期刊论文